Spatiotemporal Annotation on Top of an Existing Treebank

Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories. Editors: Koenraad De Smedt, Jan Hajič and Sandra Kübler. NEALT Proceedings Series, Vol. 1 (2007), 151-162. © 2007 The editors and contributors. Published by Northern European Association for Language Technology (NEALT) http://omilia.uio.no/nealt . Electronically published at Tartu University Library (Estonia) http://hdl.handle.net/10062/4476

Итальянская экономика под воздействием российских санкций

Выпускная квалификационная работа посвящена анализу экономики Италии в контексте введения российского продовольственного эмбарго. Основные цели исследования следующие: установить, в какой мере российское продовольственное эмбарго повлияло как на национальную экономику Италии, так и на экономику отдельно взятых итальянских регионов; определить, является ли использование санкций в международных отношениях наиболее оптимальной и, самое главное, легитимной мерой воздействия на другое государство в современной политической и экономической конъюнктуре; выяснить, каким образом Италия реагирует на новые вызовы и угрозы, а именно каким образом итальянское правительство сглаживает негативные последствия, которые повлекли российские торгово-экономические ограничительные меры. В качестве объекта исследования при написании данной работы рассматривается развитие итало-российских торгово-экономические отношения в контексте обоюдных санкций как со стороны России, так и со стороны Европейского Союза. Предметом исследования является развитие итальянской экономики под воздействием российского продовольственного эмбарго. В структуру работы входят: введение, три главы и заключение. Объём дипломной работы составляет 51 страницу. При написании исследования были использованы 29 источников.The final qualification paper is devoted to the analysis of the development of the Italian economy in the context of the Russian food embargo. The main issues of the paper are: to determine the influence of the Russian food embargo on both the national economy of Italy and the economy of Italian regions; to research whether the usage of the economic sanctions is the most appropriate and legal way to solve the problems in the modern interdependent world; to find out whereby the Italian economy has faced the new challenges and threats of the mutual sanctions confrontation between Russia and the European Union and their allies. The object of the paper is the development of the Italian-Russian trade and economic relations in the context of mutual sanctions implemented by both Russia and the European Union. The subject of the paper is the development of the Italian economy under the Russian sanctions. The final qualification paper consists of introduction, three chapters and conclusion. There are 51 pages in the paper. 29 sources have been used

Low Resources Machine Translation

METIS-II was a EU-FET MT project running from October 2004 to September 2007, which aimed at translating free text input without resorting to parallel corpora. The idea was to use ‘basic’ linguistic tools and representations and to link them with patterns and statistics from the monolingual target-language corpus. The METIS-II project has four partners, translating from their ‘home’ languages Greek, Dutch, German, and Spanish into English. The paper outlines the basic ideas of the project, their implementation, the resources used, and the results obtained. It also gives examples of how METIS-II has continued beyond its lifetime and the original scope of the project. On the basis of the results and experiences obtained, we believe that the approach is promising and offers the potential for development in various directions

Eurotra: the Philosophy Behind it

La Communauté européenne a lancé un programme de recherche et développement portant sur le traitement des langues naturelles et plus spécifiquement sur la traduction automatique. Ce programme, Eurotra, s'est achevé à la fin de 1992. La première partie de cet article présente les fondements de ce programme et la deuxième, la philosophie sousjacente au projet

Which New York, which Monday? The role of background knowledge and intended audience in automatic disambiguation of spatiotemporal expressions

The aim of MiniSTEx, a system for automatic spatiotemporal annotation, is to locate eventualities on a time-axis and to disambiguate geospatial information in such a way that geospatial entities can be located on a map. Therefore all kinds of spatiotemporal (geospatial, temporal and geotemporal) expressions are disambiguated. In doing so, the concepts of “background knowledge” and “intended audience”, together with the Gricean maxims, play an important role, especially when dealing with indexicals. The system relies on a database containing all kinds of spatiotemporal expressions. At the moment MiniSTEx is used for both Dutch and English texts

ANNO: a Multi-functional Flemish Text Corpus

In this paper the ANNO Project ("Een Geannoteerde Publieke Gegevensbank voor het Geschreven Nederlands/An Annotated Database for Written Dutch") is reported on 1 . The project aims at laying the foundations for the compilation and linguistic annotation of a large multi-functional Flemish text corpus. The corpus available now consists of language written to be spoken, together with transcribed interviews. In this paper we present the levels of annotation ANNO comes with at the moment. In general, we will show what can be achieved using taggers, parsers etc. that are currently available for Dutch. A separate issue is whether the tools are as useful for Flemish as they are for Dutch. Introduction The ANNO Project is sponsored by the Flemish Research Initiative in Speech and Language Technology. It is a pilot project, aiming at laying the foundations for the compilation and linguistic annotation of a large, multi-functional, standard Flemish text corpus. Although great efforts have been..

Explicit Semantics for Enriched Documents. What do ISOcat, RELcat and SCHEMAcat have to offer?

Most documents researched in the human and social sciences will be enriched one way or another, at least with metadata. Sometimes documents are also enriched with one or more types of annotation. Often the notions used can be interpreted in several ways , which raises the question: “What is meant in a particular case?” ISOcat is a ISO 12620:2009 compliant registry in which such notions, in the context of this registry called data categories, are described in a concise way. Some data category descriptions will be standardized, meaning that their use is promoted. In general the descriptions are meant to be useful for as many users as possible; on the other hand specific uses might require very specific readings of a notion. This might lead to the creation of multiple data categories which are semantically close. As relationships between data categories are not part of the data model provided by ISO 12620:2009, because they could restrict data categories too much to a specific context which would hamper their reuse, a companion registry named RELcat is under construction. This registry will allow users to store and share their view on the relationships between data categories and possibly concepts from other sources. Finally a schema registry named SCHEMAcat is created which allows the reuse of schemas annotated with ISOcat data categories and typed relations in RELcat. The flexible semantic network thus created can be used to help users of enriched documents, and actually any other type of linguistic resource, to interpret the linguistic notions and to find semantically close and thus possibly interesting resources. This paper illustrates the semantic network with examples taken from the CGN PoS tagset for Dutch.status: publishe

Spatiotemporal annotation: interaction between standards and other formats

Abstract- Standards and the need for standards, for example for annotation purposes, only emerge after a period of time. Before, people just did what they thought was right. This may have resulted in large amounts of data in a format that in the end did not turn out to be on speaking terms with the (new) standard. This format may even have become a de facto standard for a particular language or in a particular domain. In this paper we discuss an approach for situations in which ISOcat is used to mediate between such formats. Another task for ISOcat is to indicate the possible re-use of the output of semantic annotation X using format Y for a new annotation Z. These possibilities are to a large extent determined by the compatibility of the (definitions of the) data categories used in both. The spatiotemporal annotation schema STEx, as used in the SoNaR-corpus, is central to this paper. Its input consists of other (semantic) annotations. In the TTNWW-project1 STEx is related to relevant standards, like ISO-TimeML, and state-of-the-art formats, like SpatialML. We describe which conditions should be met and how ISOcat can offer a helping hand. ISO-standards; semantics; natural language processing; computational linguistics; standardization; spatio-temporal phenomena I